Nigeria  Open grazing conflicts between herders and farmers have claimed over 2,800 lives in the past five years.

According to reports, between 2020 and 2024, at least 2,349 people were killed in 359 violent incidents. In just the first half of 2025, another 451 deaths were recorded, with Benue (254 deaths), Plateau (121), and Nasarawa (20) being the hardest-hit states. Other clashes also occurred in Ondo, Ebonyi, Enugu, Edo, Taraba, Delta, and Imo.

Despite 19 states, including all 17 in the South, passing anti-open grazing laws, enforcement has remained weak, allowing clashes to continue.

The crisis has also caused mass displacement. Since 2019, more than 2.2 million people have been forced from their homes in Benue, Plateau, and Nasarawa alone, worsening Nigeria’s humanitarian situation.